THE COMPANIES
ACTS 1985 AND 1989
COMPANY
LIMITED BY GUARANTEE
AND NOT HAVING A SHARE CAPITAL
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
of
THE SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW
Adopted by Special Resolution on 2008
1.1
In these Articles of
Association of the Society, if not inconsistent with the subject or context,
the words standing in the first column of the following table shall bear the
meanings set opposite them respectively in the second column:
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Words
|
Meanings
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|
the Act
|
the Companies Act 1985 (as amended) or the Companies
Act 2006 as amended, modified or re-enacted from time to time, whichever is
applicable to the subject matter of the relevant Article at the relevant
time;
|
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the Articles
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these Articles of Association of the
Society;
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|
the Auditors
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the auditors for the time being of the
Society (if any);
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Charities Acts
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the Charities Act 1993 and the Charities Act
2006, in each case as amended, modified or re-enacted from time to time;
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Commission
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the Charity Commission for England and Wales;
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Council Members
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the directors for the time being of the
Society;
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Executive Council
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the board of directors of the Society as
constituted from time to time;
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|
Member
|
A member of the Society;
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Membership
|
membership in accordance with these
Articles;
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Memorandum
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the Memorandum of Association of the
Society;
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Objects
|
the objects of the Society as described in
the Memorandum;
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Office
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the registered office of the Society;
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President
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the president of the Society for the time
being;
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Register of Members
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the register of members of the Society;
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Secretary
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the company secretary of the Society for the
time being;
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Treasurer
|
the treasurer of the Society for the time
being;
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Executive
Vice Presidents
|
the vice presidents of the Society;
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1.2
Words importing the singular
number only shall include the plural number, and vice versa.
1.3
Words importing the masculine
gender only shall include the feminine gender.
1.4
Subject to the aforesaid, any
words or expressions defined in the Act at the date on which these Articles
become binding on the Society shall, if not inconsistent with the subject or
context, bear the same meanings in these Articles.
OBJECTS
2.
The Society is established for
the purposes expressed in the Memorandum.
MEMBERSHIP
3.
The subscribers to the
Memorandum and such other persons or organisations as are admitted to the
Membership in accordance with this Article and the rules made under it shall be
members of the Society.
4.
Subject to the Act, the
Executive Council may from time to time make such rules as it may deem
necessary or expedient or convenient for the purposes of prescribing classes of
and conditions of Membership. In particular, but without prejudice to the
generality of the foregoing, it may by such rules regulate the admission and
classification of Members (including the admission of organisations to
Membership) and the rights and privileges of such Members, and the conditions
of membership and the terms on which Members may resign or have their
Membership terminated and the subscriptions and other fees or payments to be
made by Members.
5.
Except as the Executive Council
otherwise provides, the Society shall have three classes of Member: Regular
Members, Honorary Members and Institutional Members.
(a)
A Regular Member is any natural
person who has paid the relevant membership fee, and has agreed to the terms
and conditions of Membership established by the Executive Council.
(b)
The Executive Council may
designate as an Honorary Member any natural person who in its opinion has
rendered exceptionally distinguished service to the Society or its Objects.
Honorary Membership shall typically be for life, and shall not require the
payment of a membership fee.
(c)
An Institutional Member is any
corporation, partnership, association or other organization which has paid the
relevant membership fee, has agreed to the terms and conditions of Membership
set out by the Executive Council.
6.
No person shall be considered a
Member of the Society (whether for the purposes of the Articles or otherwise)
unless and until such person is entered as a Member (of the relevant class) in
the Register of Members.
7.
A Member’s membership in the
Society shall terminate as a result of:
(a)
the death or dissolution of
that Member;
(b)
the resignation of that Member,
communicated to the Secretary;
(c)
except as otherwise decided by
the Executive Council, failure to pay the membership fee promptly; or
(d)
disqualification by the
Executive Council, on the basis that the Member has in the opinion of the
Executive Council acted in a manner contrary to the interests and success of
the Society, provided that the Executive Council may not resolve to disqualify
a Member under this Article 7(d) unless:
(i)
the Member has been given at
least twenty-one days’ notice in writing of the meeting of the Executive
Council at which the resolution will be proposed and the reasons why it will be
proposed; and
(ii)
the Member or, at the option of
the Member, the Member’s representative (who need not be a Member of the
Society) has been allowed to make representations to the meeting.
8.
An Institutional Member may, by
resolution of its directors or other governing body, authorise such person as
it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Society to
which it is entitled to attend. Any director or the secretary of a company
which is an Institutional Member shall be deemed to be a duly authorised
representative of that Institutional Member for all purposes. An Institutional
Member is deemed for the purposes of these Articles to be present in person at
any meeting of the Society if its representative is present at that meeting.
Unless the terms and conditions of membership otherwise provide, any such
representative is entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the
Institutional Member which s/he represents as that Institutional Member could
exercise if it were a Regular Member and the signature by any such person of
any form of proxy, written resolution, consent, notice or any other document is
deemed to be the signature of the relevant Institutional Member.
GENERAL
MEETINGS
9.
The Society shall hold a
general meeting in every calendar year as its annual general meeting (an "Annual General Meeting") at such time and place
and in such manner as may be determined by the Executive Council, and shall
specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, provided that so long as
the Society holds its first Annual General Meeting within eighteen (18) months
after its incorporation it need not hold it in the calendar year of its
incorporation or in the following calendar year.
10.
The Secretary shall, on an
order of the Executive Council or at the written request (or by electronic
communication to an address for the time being specified by the Company) of not
less than one tenth of the Members, convene a general meeting. Such order or request indicating the nature
of the business to be transacted shall be laid before the chairperson, who
shall authorise the holding of a general meeting within twenty eight (28) days
of the receipt of such order or request. “Address”, in relation to electronic
communications, includes any number or address used for the purposes of such
communications.
11.
There shall be given at least
fourteen clear days' notice in writing of each Annual General Meeting and any
other general meeting (exclusive in every case both of the day on which such
notice is served or deemed to be served and of the day for which it is given),
but a general meeting may be called by shorter notice if it is so agreed by a
majority in number of Members having a right to attend and vote, being a
majority together holding not less than 90% of the total voting rights at the
meeting of all the Members.
The notice shall
specify the time and place of the meeting and the general nature of the
business to be transacted and, in the case of an Annual General Meeting, shall
specify the meeting as such. The notice
shall be given to all the Members and to the Auditors (if any).
12.
The accidental omission to give
notice of a meeting to, or the non‑receipt of such notice by, any person
entitled to receive notice thereof shall not invalidate any resolution passed,
or proceedings had, at any meeting.
PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS
13.
No business shall be transacted
at any general meeting unless a quorum is present when the meeting proceeds to
business. Save as herein otherwise provided, two Members or one‑tenth of all of
the Members, whichever shall be the greater, present in person or by proxy
shall be a quorum.
14.
No resolution may be passed at
any general meeting on a subject which is not contained in the notice
distributed under Clause 11. Nothing in this article shall affect Members’
right to require a General Meeting to be held under clause 10.
15.
The President, or in his/her
absence one of the Executive Vice Presidents as nominated by the President,
shall preside as chairperson of the meeting, but if neither the President nor
any such Executive Vice President is present within 15 minutes after the
time appointed for holding the meeting and willing to act, the members of the
Executive Council present shall elect one of their number to be chairperson. If
there is only one member of the Executive Council present and willing to act,
s/he shall be chairperson.
16.
Provided that the notice of the
general meeting explicitly permits remote attendance, any Member or proxy for a
Member may participate in a general meeting by means of conference telephone or
similar communications equipment which enables all persons participating in the
meeting to hear and speak to each other throughout the meeting. A person
participating in this way is deemed to be present in person at the meeting, may
be counted in the quorum and is entitled to vote. Subject to the Act, all
business transacted in this way by the Members is for the purposes of these
Articles deemed to be validly and effectively transacted at a general meeting.
The meeting is deemed to take place where the largest group of those
participating is assembled or, if there is no such group, where the chairperson
of the meeting then is.
17.
Except as these Articles, the
Act or other applicable law otherwise provides, decisions of a general meeting
shall be taken by a simple majority of Members present in person or by proxy
and entitled to vote.
18.
At any general meeting a
resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a show of hands
by Members present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote and, unless a
poll is, before or upon the declaration of the result by the show of hands,
demanded by the chairperson of the meeting or by (a) at least five Members; or
(b) no less than one-tenth of the Members entitled to vote and present in
person or by proxy, a declaration by the chairperson of the meeting that a
resolution has been carried, or carried unanimously or by a particular
majority, or lost, or not carried by a particular majority, and an entry to
that effect in the minute book of the Society shall be conclusive evidence of
the fact without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in
favour of or against that resolution.
The demand for a poll may be withdrawn.
19.
Subject to the provisions of
Article 18, if a poll be demanded in the manner aforesaid, it shall be
taken at such time and place, and in such manner, as the chairperson of the
meeting shall direct, and the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the
resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded.
20.
No poll shall be demanded on
the election of a chairperson of a meeting, or on any question of adjournment.
21.
The demand for a poll shall not
prevent the continuance of a meeting for the transaction of any business other
than the question on which a poll has been demanded.
22.
The chairperson of the meeting
may vote on all matters.
23.
The minutes of each general
meeting shall be drawn up by the Secretary and be approved and signed by the
chairperson of the meeting, or the chairperson of the next meeting.
VOTES OF MEMBERS
24.
Every Member who is a natural
person shall be entitled to attend general meetings and cast one vote.
Institutional Members shall be entitled to attend general meetings through a
duly authorised representative, and cast one vote through such representative.
25.
Every Member may appoint a
proxy to vote in their place at general meetings. The appointment of a proxy and any authority
under which it is executed or a copy of such authority certified notarially or
in some other way approved in advance by the Executive Council must be received
at an address specified for that purpose in the notice convening the meeting
not less than 48 hours before the time for holding the meeting or adjourned
meeting at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote, and an
appointment of proxy which is not so received shall be invalid. “Address” in
this Article includes email address.
26.
An instrument appointing a
proxy shall be in writing in any usual form or in any other form which the
Council Members may approve and shall be executed by or on behalf of the
appointor. Such instrument shall also contain a statement informing the Member
of his or her right to appoint a proxy to exercise any or all of that Member’s
rights to attend and to speak and vote at a general meeting of the Society.
27.
No person may act as a proxy
for more than five Members of the Society.
EXECUTIVE
COUNCIL
28.
The board of directors of the
Society shall be called its Executive Council, and the directors shall be
called Council Members. All Council Members must be Members of the Society.
29.
The Executive Council shall
consist of a President, two Executive Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer
and not less than five (5) but not more than seventeen (17) other Council
Members. The positions of Secretary and Treasurer may be filled by more than
one person concurrently. Every effort should be made to ensure diversity of the
Executive Council and the equitable representation of different groups on it.
If for any reason the total number of Council Members falls below ten (10), the
remaining Council Members shall have the power to appoint the new Council
Members, and the term of such new Council Members shall expire at the first
annual general meeting following such appointment, at which time the new
Council Members will be eligible for re-election for one further consecutive
term.
30.
The term of a Council Member,
including the President, Executive Vice Presidents, Secretary and Treasurer,
runs from the date of the annual general meeting at which s/he is elected until
the date of the third annual general meeting thereafter.
31.
If the office of the President,
Executive Vice President, the Secretary or the Treasurer becomes vacant before
their term would normally have expired, the remaining Executive Council shall
have the power to appoint one of its Members to the vacant position, and the
term of such new position shall expire at the first annual general meeting
following such appointment.
32.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in clause 32(b) below, no Member
may serve on the Executive Council for more than two consecutive terms. There
is no limit on the number of non-consecutive terms that a Member may serve.
(b) Whenever a Member of
the Executive Council changes their status – for example, by moving from an
ordinary Council Member to the position of Treasurer, or vice versa – they may
serve two consecutive terms in the new position. However, in no circumstances
will any Member serve on the Executive Council for more than four consecutive
terms.
DISQUALIFICATION
OF COUNCIL MEMBERS
33.
The office of a Council Member
shall be vacated or removed:
(a)
if s/he ceases to be a director
by virtue of any provision of the Act or if s/he becomes prohibited by law
(including without limitation by virtue of the Charities Act or the Companies
Directors Disqualification Act 1986) from being a director;
(b)
if s/he ceases to be a Member
of the Society;
(c)
if s/he becomes of unsound
mind;
(d)
if, in the opinion of
two-thirds of the Executive Council, s/he acted in a manner contrary to the
interests and success of the Society;
(e)
if by notice in writing to the
Executive Council s/he resigns his or her office; or
(f)
if s/he becomes prohibited from
holding office by reason of any court order made under the Act.
34.
Unless the Executive Council
resolves otherwise, any Council Member who shall, without sufficient reason,
absent himself or herself from three consecutive meetings of the Executive
Council, will be understood to have resigned his or her position as Council
Member, and the remaining Council Members shall be entitled to appoint another
Council Member in his or her place, or the remaining Council Members may, if
they think fit, re-appoint the Council Member who is deemed to have resigned
under this Article.
POWERS OF THE
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
35.
Subject to the provisions of
the Act, the Memorandum and these Articles and to any direction given by
special resolution, the business of the Society shall be managed by the Council
Members who may exercise all powers of the Society. No alteration of the
Memorandum or these Articles and no such direction shall invalidate any prior
act of the Council Members which would have been valid if that alteration had
not been made or that direction had not been given. The powers given by this
Article shall not limit any special power given to the Council Members by other
Articles and a meeting of the Executive Council at which a quorum was present
may exercise all powers exercisable by the Council Members.
36.
The Executive Council may act
notwithstanding any vacancy in its body.
37.
If the Executive Council shall
at any time be or be reduced in number to less than the number prescribed by
these Articles, it shall be lawful for them to act as the Executive Council for
the purpose of admitting persons to membership of the Society, filling up
vacancies in their body, or summoning a general meeting, but not for any other
purpose.
PROCEEDINGS OF
THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
38.
The Executive Council may meet
together for the dispatch of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate their
meetings as they think fit, provided that at least one such meeting shall be
held in each year.
39.
The President or an Executive
Vice President may, and the Secretary at the request of the President or an
Executive Vice President shall, call a meeting of the Executive Council. In
addition, the Secretary shall call a meeting of the Executive Council on the
request of not less than four (4) Council Members.
40.
Decision of the Executive
Council shall be taken by a majority of Council Members present and voting.
41.
One half of the membership of
the Executive Council shall be a quorum.
42.
Council Members shall be given
at least 14 days notice of each meeting of the Executive Council.
43.
The President, or in his/her
absence one of the Executive Vice Presidents as nominated by the President,
shall preside as chairperson of meetings of the Executive Council, but if at
any meeting the chairperson is not present within five minutes after the time
appointed for holding the meeting or is not willing to preside, the Council
Members present shall choose one of their number to be chairperson of the
meeting. In the case of an equality of votes at any meeting the chairperson
shall be entitled to a second or casting vote.
44.
A person may participate in a
meeting of the Council Members or of any sub-committee thereof by means of:
(a)
conference telephone or similar
communications equipment which enables all persons participating in the meeting
to hear and speak to each other throughout the meeting; or
(b)
other electronic communication
provided that throughout the meeting all persons participating in the meeting
are able to communicate interactively and simultaneously with all other parties
participating in the meeting notwithstanding accidental disconnection of the
means of electronic communication during the meeting.
A
person participating in the ways described in (a) or (b) above is deemed to be
present in person at the meeting, may be counted in the quorum and is entitled
to vote. Subject to the Act, all business transacted in the above ways by the
Executive Council or a sub-committee of Council Members is for the purposes of
these Articles deemed to be validly and effectively transacted, even though
fewer than two Council Members are physically present at the same place. The
meeting is deemed to take place where the largest group of those participating is
assembled or, if there is no such group, where the chairperson of the meeting
then is.
45.
The Executive Council may
delegate any of their powers to any sub‑committee consisting of such of their
number and such other persons as they think fit.
46.
Any sub‑committee formed
pursuant to Article 45 shall, in the exercise of the powers delegated to
it, conform to any regulations imposed on it by the Executive Council. The resolution making the delegation shall
specify the financial limits within which any sub‑committee shall function. The
meetings and proceedings of any such sub‑committee shall be governed by the
provisions of these Articles for regulating the meetings and proceedings of the
Executive Council so far as applicable and so far as the same shall not be superseded
by any regulations made by the Executive Council. All acts and proceedings of such sub‑committees
shall be reported in due course to the Executive Council.
47.
All acts bona fide done
by any meeting of the Executive Council or of any sub‑committee, or by any
person acting as a Council Member, shall, notwithstanding it be afterwards
discovered that there was some defect in the appointment or continuance in
office of any such Council Member or person acting as aforesaid, or that they
or any of them were disqualified, be as valid as if every such person had been
duly appointed or had duly continued in office.
48.
The Secretary shall cause
proper minutes to be made of all appointments of Council Members and of the
proceedings of all meetings of the Society and of the Executive Council and of
sub‑committees, and all business transacted at such meetings, and any such
minutes of any meeting, if purporting to be approved by the chairperson of such
meeting, or by the chairperson of the next succeeding meeting, shall be
sufficient evidence without any further proof of the facts therein stated.
49.
A Council Member shall not vote
on a matter upon which s/he is directly interested.
50.
A Council Member shall not be
counted in the quorum present at a meeting in relation to a resolution on which
s/he is not entitled to vote.
51.
A resolution in writing signed
by all the Council Members or by all the members of any sub‑committee who are
entitled to receive notice of a meeting of the Executive Council or of such sub‑committee
shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the
Executive Council or of such sub‑committee duly convened and constituted.
COUNCIL MEMBERS’ INTERESTS
52.
Subject to the provisions of
the Act, and provided that s/he has disclosed to the Council Members the nature
and extent of any relevant interest of his, a Council Member notwithstanding
his or her office:
(a)
may be a party to, or otherwise
interested in, any transaction or arrangement with the Society or in which the
Society is otherwise interested;
(b)
may be a director or other
officer of, or employed by, or a party to any transaction or arrangement with,
or otherwise interested in, any body corporate promoted by the Society or in
which the Society is otherwise interested in; and
(c)
shall not, by reason of his or
her office, be accountable to the Society or any benefit which s/he derives
from any such transaction or arrangement or from any interest in any such body
corporate and no such transaction or arrangement shall be liable to be avoided
on the ground of any such interest or benefit.
ELECTION OF
EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
53.
There shall be a Nominating
Committee to identify candidates for vacant positions in the Executive Council.
54.
The Nominating Committee shall have
eleven members. The President shall serve
as the chair of the Nominating Committee. The Executive Council shall appoint
five Council Members to serve on the Nominating Committee. The remaining five
members of the Nominating Committee shall be chosen by an ordinary resolution
of the Society in general meeting.
55.
At least 3 months prior to each
Annual General Meeting, the Nominating Committee shall send a notice to all
Members informing them of the vacant positions on the Executive Council which
will be filled at the next Annual General Meeting, and requesting suggestions
as to possible candidates. The Nominating Committee shall consider all
suggestions from the Members in utmost good faith, but may suggest candidates
not identified by the Members.
56.
The meetings and proceedings of
the Nominating Committee shall be governed by the provisions of these Articles
for regulating the meetings and proceedings of the Executive Council so far as
applicable and so far as the same shall not be superseded by any regulations
made by the Executive Council.
57.
The Nominating Committee shall
prepare a list of nominated candidates for election to vacant positions on the
Executive Council. It shall include not
less than one and not more than three candidates per vacant position, and shall
make clear the position (President, Executive Vice President, Secretary,
Treasurer or ordinary Council Member) for which each candidate is nominated.
Provided they meet the conditions of eligibility, members of the Nominating
Committee may themselves be nominated for any position. The list shall be made
available to all Members at least 14 days prior to the Annual General Meeting.
58.
Elections will take place at
the Annual General Meeting, according to procedures determined by the
chairperson of the meeting. Every Member present in person or by proxy at the
Annual General Meeting shall be entitled, in respect of each vacant position,
to vote once for one of the candidates nominated by the Nominating Committee
for that position, and the candidate who receives the most votes shall be
elected. If a candidate is not elected for one position, that candidate may,
provided the Nominating Committee has agreed in advance, be re-added to the
list of nominated candidates to contest an alternative position. Each vacant
position shall be voted on separately.
POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTS
59.
The President and each
Executive Vice President shall perform such duties and enjoy such powers as
shall be prescribed in the resolution of the Executive Council which appoints
them subject to any modification in such duties or powers as may be prescribed
by the Council Members thereafter, but in the absence of any specific
allocation of duties it shall be the responsibility of the President and each
of the Executive Vice Presidents to manage (subject to the terms of these
Articles) the day to day affairs of the Society.
ACCOUNTS
60.
The Treasurer shall cause
accounting records of the Society to be kept in accordance with the Act and the
requirements of the Charities Act 1993 and any regulations made pursuant
thereto (or as the same may be hereafter amended or altered).
61.
Accounting records shall be
kept at the Office or, subject to the Act, at such other place or places as the
Executive Council shall think fit and shall be open to the inspection of the
Council Members.
62.
The Executive Council shall
from time to time determine whether and to what extent and at what times and
places and under what conditions or regulations the accounts and books of the
Society or any of the them shall be open to the inspection of Members of the
Society not being Council Members and no such Member shall have any right of
inspecting any account or book or document of the Society except as conferred
by statute or authorised by the Executive Council or by the Society in general
meeting.
63.
At the general meeting in every
year the Executive Council shall lay before the Society a proper income and
expenditure account for the period since the last preceding account (or in the
case of the first account since the incorporation of the Society made up to a
date not more than seven months before such meeting) together with a proper
balance sheet made up as at the same date.
Every such balance sheet shall be accompanied by proper reports of the
Executive Council and if required the Auditors, and copies of such accounts,
balance sheet and reports (all of which shall be framed in accordance with any
statutory requirements for the time being in force) and of any other documents
required by law to be annexed or attached thereto or to accompany the same shall
not later than the end of the period for delivering accounts and reports, or if
earlier, the date on which it actually delivers the accounts and reports under
the Act, be sent to the Auditors (if any) and to all other persons entitled to
receive notices of general meetings in the manner in which notices are
hereinafter directed to be served.
ANNUAL REPORT
64.
The Council Members shall
comply with their obligations under the Charities Act 1993 (or any statutory re‑enactment
or modification of that Act) with regard to the preparation of an Annual Report
and its transmission to the Commission.
ANNUAL RETURN
65.
The Council Members shall
comply with their obligations under the Charities Act 1993 (or any statutory re‑enactment
or modification of that Act) with regard to the preparation of an Annual Return
and its transmission to the Commission.
NOTICES
66.
Any notice to be given to or by
any person pursuant to the Articles (other than a notice calling a meeting of
the Executive Council) shall be in writing or shall be given using electronic
communication to an address for the time being notified for that purpose to the
person giving the notice. Proof that a notice contained in an electronic
communication was sent in accordance with the guidance issued by the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators
shall be conclusive evidence that notice was given. A notice shall be deemed to
be given at the expiration of 48 hours after the envelope containing it was
posted or, in the case of a notice contained in an electronic communication, at
the expiration of 48 hours after the time it was sent. In this article,
“address”, in relation to electronic communications, includes any number or
address used for the purposes of such communications.
INDEMNITY
67.
Subject to the provisions of
the Act but without prejudice to any indemnity to which a Council Member may
otherwise be entitled, every Council Member or auditor of the Society shall be
indemnified out of the assets of the Society against any liability incurred by
him or her in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which
judgment is given in his or her favour or in which s/he is acquitted or in
connection with any application in which relief is granted to him or her by the
court from liability for negligence default, breach of duty or breach of trust
in relation to the affairs of the Society.
DIRECTOR
INDEMNITY INSURANCE
68.
The Society may at its expense
procure the provision of indemnity insurance to cover the liability of the
Council Members of the Society which by virtue of any rule by law would
otherwise attach to them in respect of any negligence, default, breach of trust
or breach of duty of which they may be guilty in relation to the Society.
69.
Any such insurance shall not
extend to:
(a)
any claim arising from any act
or omission which the Council Members of the Society knew to be a breach of
trust or breach of duty or which was committed by the Council Members of the
Society in reckless disregard of whether it was a breach of trust or breach of
duty or not; or
(b)
the costs of an unsuccessful
defence to a criminal prosecution brought against the Council Members of the
Society.
RULES
70.
The Executive Council may from
time to time make such rules as it may deem necessary or expedient or
convenient for the proper conduct and management of the Society and for the
purposes of prescribing classes of and conditions of Membership, and in
particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, they may
by such rules regulate:
(a)
the admission and
classification of Members (including the admission of organisations to
Membership) and the rights and privileges of such Members, and the conditions
of membership and the terms on which Members may resign or have their
membership terminated and the entrance fees, subscriptions and other fees or
payments to be made by members;
(b)
the conduct of Members in
relation to one another, and to the Society's employees (if any);
(c)
the setting aside of the whole
or any part or parts of the Society's premises (if any) at any particular time
or times or for any particular purpose or purposes;
(d)
the procedure at general
meetings and meetings of the Executive Council and its sub-committees insofar
as such procedure is not regulated by the Articles;
(e)
generally, all such matters as
are commonly the subject matter of company rules.
71.
The Society in general meeting
shall have power to alter, add to or repeal the rules and the Executive Council
shall adopt such means as it thinks sufficient to bring to the notice of
Members all such rules, which shall be binding on all Members, provided that no
rule shall be inconsistent with, or shall affect or repeal anything contained
in, the Memorandum of Association or the Articles.
DISSOLUTION
72.
Clause 8 of the Memorandum
of Association relating to the winding up and dissolution of the Society shall
have effect as if the provisions thereof were repeated in these Articles.
Names, addresses and descriptions of
subscribers Signature
of Subscriber
Andrew
Timothy Fergusson Lang Andrew Lang
105 Hewitt Rd
London N8 0BP
United Kingdom
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Witness to the above signature
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Name:
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Giorgio Monti
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Address:
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Law Department
London School of
Economics
Houghton Street
London
WC2A 2AE
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Occupation:
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Senior Lecturer
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Colin
Benjamin Picker Colin Picker
2109 West 119th Terrace
Leawood
Kansas 66209
USA
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Witness to the above signature
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Name:
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Norma J. Karn
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Address:
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UMKC School of Law
500 E. 52nd Street
Kansas
City, Missouri
64110
United States of America
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Occupation:
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Administrative Assistant
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